How to Get a California Gun License in 2025 – Step-by-Step Guide

Applying for a California gun license isn’t as simple as walking into a store and filling out a form. Depending on what type of firearm you’re buying and how you plan to use it, the process can involve everything from safety certificates and background checks to waiting periods and local approvals.

If you’re feeling overwhelmed, you’re not alone. This guide breaks everything down into clear steps so you know exactly what to expect when applying for a firearm license in California, whether you’re buying your first gun or just brushing up on the latest laws.

Types of California Gun Licenses Explained

California doesn’t offer a one-size-fits-all license. Here are the three most common types of people ask about:

• Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC): Required to buy most firearms

• Permit to Carry a Concealed Weapon (CCW): For carrying concealed handguns in public

• COE (Certificate of Eligibility): Mostly for dealers or frequent buyers—not needed for the average gun owner

If you’re buying a firearm for home defense, range use, or sport shooting, you’ll most likely only need the Firearm Safety Certificate.

Step 1: Take and Pass the Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) Test

🔹 What It Is

A 30-question multiple-choice test covering California gun laws and safe firearm handling.

🔹 Where to Take It

Any licensed firearm dealer in California.

🔹 Cost

$25 (includes the test and your certificate if you pass)

🔹 Passing Score

75% or higher

📘 Tip: Be sure to study the official FSC Study Guide (PDF) before taking the test. Even experienced shooters miss questions if they don’t prepare.

🔗 Also helpful: California DOJ’s Firearm Safety Certificate Manual

🔁 FSC certificates are valid for 5 years.

Step 2: Choose the Right Firearm for Your Needs

California has a strict “roster” of approved handguns, meaning not every gun sold in other states is legal here. Be sure any firearm you’re considering is on the California Handgun Roster.

🔸 Things to Consider:

• Caliber: 9mm is a common choice for home defense or range shooting

• Size & Ergonomics: Grip, weight, and recoil control matter

• California-Specific Features: Look for loaded chamber indicators and magazine disconnects

🔗 Want a lightweight rifle to pair with your first firearm? See our guide to the Best 22 LR AR-15 Rifles

Step 3: Go Through the Dealer Process (DROS & 10-Day Waiting Period)

Once you choose your firearm and provide your FSC, the dealer begins your background check and initiates the Dealer Record of Sale (DROS) process.

✅ Requirements Include:

• Valid California driver’s license or state ID

• Proof of California residency (utility bill, lease, etc.)

• Must be 21+ years old for handguns

⏳ 10-Day Waiting Period

California law requires a 10-day “cooling-off” period before you can pick up your firearm—even if your background check clears sooner.

Step 4: Pick Up Your Firearm (and Complete the Safe Handling Demonstration)

After the 10-day wait, you’ll return to the dealer for:

• A Safe Handling Demonstration (loading/unloading your firearm)

• Final signature paperwork

• Receiving your firearm and either a gun lock or a compliant storage case (required by law)

🔗 For secure home storage, check out our guide on Gun Safes & Secure Storage

Do You Need a CCW Permit in California?

If you want to carry a concealed firearm in public, you’ll need a Concealed Carry Weapon (CCW) permit from your local sheriff or police chief.

📝 Most Counties Require:

• A background check

• A firearms training course (typically 8–16 hours)

• LiveScan fingerprinting

• A completed application and processing fee

✅ Important Update: After the Bruen Supreme Court decision, most counties no longer require a “good cause” statement, but policies may still vary. Always check with your local sheriff’s office.

Additional Notes on California Firearm Ownership

• Ammunition Purchases: Background check required for ammo, too

• Assault Weapon Ban: California bans certain features like pistol grips, threaded barrels, and adjustable stocks on semi-automatic rifles

• No Open Carry: Generally prohibited

• Gun Storage Laws: Firearms must be stored securely if children are in the home, with lockboxes, safes, or trigger locks

❓ FAQ

Q: Can I buy a gun in California without a license?
A: No. You must have a valid Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) for most purchases.

Q: How long does the process take?
A: Usually 2–3 weeks, depending on how quickly you take your FSC test and complete the 10-day waiting period.

Q: Do I need a CCW for home defense?
A: No. A CCW permit is only needed if you plan to carry your firearm in public.

🔁 Quick Reference Table

Final Thoughts

California has some of the strictest gun laws in the country, but getting through the process is manageable if you follow the steps. From passing your Firearm Safety Certificate test to completing your background check and safe handling demo, each step ensures you’re informed, trained, and compliant.

If you’re thinking about applying for a CCW permit later, it’s smart to check with your local sheriff’s office now—some counties have long waitlists or unique application procedures.

For more firearm guidance:

• 📘 Download the FSC Study Guide (PDF)

• 🔐 Explore Gun Safes & Secure Storage

• 🔫 See Our Guide to the Best 22 LR Rifles

Stay informed. Stay responsible. And as always—stay safe.